martes, 29 de mayo de 2012
Conclusion
In conclusion, we have learned a lot about the languages in the Americas. There is a strong influence of Spanish and Enlgish throughout the whole Americas. Although these are two very influencial languages, there are a variety of other languages spoken in the countries throughout the Americas. There is also a strong European influence because of the settlers that came with the Christopher Columbus time. There is also an influence of the indigenous people throughout the Americas. Especially in South America, there are many languages still spoken that were originally there from the indigenous people. Overall, there is a lot of interesting information when considering languages in the Americas.
Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago
Official Languages
The official language of this country is English. There are immigrant languages spoken here including North Levantine Spoken Arabic and Chinese. There are roughly 6500 Chinese speakers. The number of languages on the list for this country is six. Out of these six, they are all still living languages. In many parts of the country, Spanish and Castilian are spoken. Another popular language around the country is Hindi. Also spoken is French. Some of the words in the vocabulary in this country can be traced back to the West African languages. Also included in this vocabulary is Amerindian, French, Spanish and East Indian languages. For 100 years, they spoke French in their history. Words from the Hindi language are a part of speech. There are a group of people who speak Kweyol. Most of the speech of the people of Trinidad is influenced by this. The slaves that were new to the country spoke Creole to communicate with their masters. This creole spoken was influenced heavily by Spanish and the Caribe language. The language became unique because of all of these influences.
Official Languages
The official language of this country is English. There are immigrant languages spoken here including North Levantine Spoken Arabic and Chinese. There are roughly 6500 Chinese speakers. The number of languages on the list for this country is six. Out of these six, they are all still living languages. In many parts of the country, Spanish and Castilian are spoken. Another popular language around the country is Hindi. Also spoken is French. Some of the words in the vocabulary in this country can be traced back to the West African languages. Also included in this vocabulary is Amerindian, French, Spanish and East Indian languages. For 100 years, they spoke French in their history. Words from the Hindi language are a part of speech. There are a group of people who speak Kweyol. Most of the speech of the people of Trinidad is influenced by this. The slaves that were new to the country spoke Creole to communicate with their masters. This creole spoken was influenced heavily by Spanish and the Caribe language. The language became unique because of all of these influences.
History
Amerindians were one of the first inhabitants. Foreign diseases then reduced the population of these indigenous people from the European settlers. In 1498, on Christopher Columbus’s second journey he discovered the island. Upon landing, he saw three trees and proceeded to call it “La Trinidad.” In 1507, the rule under the Spanish Empire began. The Spanish were unable to develop the country and so then they invited people from Europe to come and develop this country. This caused a large influence in the languages because there was such a diverse group coming over. This country was under Spanish rule until the British took control of the land in 1797. The island was under many different countries control including the Spanish, British, French, Dutch and Courlander. In the 19th century, the islands were under British control. They use of Spanish and French was illegal in the early 20th century. Along with that, Creole was frowned upon. This is when English has its biggest uprising. Trinidad and Tobago gained their independence in 1962. They then became a republic in 1976.
Amerindians were one of the first inhabitants. Foreign diseases then reduced the population of these indigenous people from the European settlers. In 1498, on Christopher Columbus’s second journey he discovered the island. Upon landing, he saw three trees and proceeded to call it “La Trinidad.” In 1507, the rule under the Spanish Empire began. The Spanish were unable to develop the country and so then they invited people from Europe to come and develop this country. This caused a large influence in the languages because there was such a diverse group coming over. This country was under Spanish rule until the British took control of the land in 1797. The island was under many different countries control including the Spanish, British, French, Dutch and Courlander. In the 19th century, the islands were under British control. They use of Spanish and French was illegal in the early 20th century. Along with that, Creole was frowned upon. This is when English has its biggest uprising. Trinidad and Tobago gained their independence in 1962. They then became a republic in 1976.
Interesting Facts
The population is around 1.3 million people. The literacy rate is 97 percent which is higher than that of the US. The education here is free from kindergarten to the university. The Spanish influence on this island can be seen in the names of places and foods. The official name is the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. The economy in most of Trinidad and Tobago is industrial. The names of animals and places are based off of a Caribe origin. The Spanish influence can be seen in the names of places and food. The dictionary of the “English/Creole of Trinidad and Tobago” was the first one of this language. This was published in 2008. This country has a unique history and is shaped by many ethnic groups including the original Amerindians, the European Colonizers, the Africans and even people of India, Portugal and China. The motto of this country is “Together we aspire, together we achieve.”
The population is around 1.3 million people. The literacy rate is 97 percent which is higher than that of the US. The education here is free from kindergarten to the university. The Spanish influence on this island can be seen in the names of places and foods. The official name is the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. The economy in most of Trinidad and Tobago is industrial. The names of animals and places are based off of a Caribe origin. The Spanish influence can be seen in the names of places and food. The dictionary of the “English/Creole of Trinidad and Tobago” was the first one of this language. This was published in 2008. This country has a unique history and is shaped by many ethnic groups including the original Amerindians, the European Colonizers, the Africans and even people of India, Portugal and China. The motto of this country is “Together we aspire, together we achieve.”
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Official Languages
The official languages of Puerto Rico are Spanish and English. Although there are two official languages, most of the country is Spanish speaking. English words have been recently added to the country’s lexicon. Most people can understand English but only 25 percent of adults are able to speak English fluently. Some of the immigrant languages spoken in Puerto Rico include Corsican, Eastern Yiddish, French, Haitian, Italian, Ladino and North Levantine Spoken Arabic. There are more immigrants’ languages including Papiamentu, South Levantine Spoken Arabic, German and Chinese. There are about 2,500 French speakers in Puerto Rico. There are three languages listed for Puerto Rico. Out of those languages, they are all still living and have speakers. The biggest difference between the Spanish in Spain and the Spanish in Puerto Rico is the pronunciation. Many Taino words have been added into the Spanish spoken in Puerto Rico. Spanglish has also become really popular in Puerto Rico because of the influence of English throughout the nation.
Official Languages
The official languages of Puerto Rico are Spanish and English. Although there are two official languages, most of the country is Spanish speaking. English words have been recently added to the country’s lexicon. Most people can understand English but only 25 percent of adults are able to speak English fluently. Some of the immigrant languages spoken in Puerto Rico include Corsican, Eastern Yiddish, French, Haitian, Italian, Ladino and North Levantine Spoken Arabic. There are more immigrants’ languages including Papiamentu, South Levantine Spoken Arabic, German and Chinese. There are about 2,500 French speakers in Puerto Rico. There are three languages listed for Puerto Rico. Out of those languages, they are all still living and have speakers. The biggest difference between the Spanish in Spain and the Spanish in Puerto Rico is the pronunciation. Many Taino words have been added into the Spanish spoken in Puerto Rico. Spanglish has also become really popular in Puerto Rico because of the influence of English throughout the nation.
History
Puerto Rico was first inhabited by Arawak Indians. These people are known as Tainos. The Spanish empire claimed the island as San Juan Boutista in 1493 when Christopher Columbus first arrived. Under the Spanish rule, the indigenous people were forced to be slaves throughout the country. The indigenous people were nearly all gone within a few years because of diseases and other issues. After the indigenous people started to decline, there were more and more slaves brought to Puerto Rico. After nearly 400 years under the Spanish rule, the island was given to the United States after the Spanish-American war in the year 1898. This is a territory of the United States but it is organized and self-governing today. In 1917, the people of Puerto Rico became U.S. citizens. Puerto Rico has never been officially independent.
Puerto Rico was first inhabited by Arawak Indians. These people are known as Tainos. The Spanish empire claimed the island as San Juan Boutista in 1493 when Christopher Columbus first arrived. Under the Spanish rule, the indigenous people were forced to be slaves throughout the country. The indigenous people were nearly all gone within a few years because of diseases and other issues. After the indigenous people started to decline, there were more and more slaves brought to Puerto Rico. After nearly 400 years under the Spanish rule, the island was given to the United States after the Spanish-American war in the year 1898. This is a territory of the United States but it is organized and self-governing today. In 1917, the people of Puerto Rico became U.S. citizens. Puerto Rico has never been officially independent.
Interesting Facts
The population of Puerto Rico is around 4 million people. The literacy rate is around 90 percent. Spanish is the language that is used throughout the education system. Throughout the schools, English is obligatory and is taught as a second language in the education system. After 1898, when America had taken Puerto Rico as a territory, English was taught in schools and Spanish became a special subject. This country is a popular place for tourism. Another name for this country is the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. In Spanish it is Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico only adds to the Spanish speakers with 4 million speakers from the country. Among the business people, bilingualism is more popular.
The population of Puerto Rico is around 4 million people. The literacy rate is around 90 percent. Spanish is the language that is used throughout the education system. Throughout the schools, English is obligatory and is taught as a second language in the education system. After 1898, when America had taken Puerto Rico as a territory, English was taught in schools and Spanish became a special subject. This country is a popular place for tourism. Another name for this country is the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. In Spanish it is Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico only adds to the Spanish speakers with 4 million speakers from the country. Among the business people, bilingualism is more popular.
Jamaica
Jamaica
Official Languages
The official language in Jamaica is English. There are some immigrant languages spoken here including North Levantine Spoken Arabic, Portuguese, Spanish and Chinese. There are 31,000 Chinese speakers. The different British population groups coming to Jamaica influence how the Jamaicans speak today. These different groups include Irish, Scottish and British speakers. Most Jamaicans speak Patois which is an English dialect. This was originally from French but is now in the category of Creole languages. Most of these words in this language have English roots. The structure of grammar and the sounds are strongly influenced by Africans. Because of the people coming to Jamaica who couldn’t speak English there was a language created called Pidgin. When there is no common language between people in Jamaica, they speak Pidgin. This would be categorized as a Creole language. English and African languages were found being mixed from the slave trade through early slave period. This included different things like words and grammar. Amerindian and Spanish also influenced this.
Official Languages
The official language in Jamaica is English. There are some immigrant languages spoken here including North Levantine Spoken Arabic, Portuguese, Spanish and Chinese. There are 31,000 Chinese speakers. The different British population groups coming to Jamaica influence how the Jamaicans speak today. These different groups include Irish, Scottish and British speakers. Most Jamaicans speak Patois which is an English dialect. This was originally from French but is now in the category of Creole languages. Most of these words in this language have English roots. The structure of grammar and the sounds are strongly influenced by Africans. Because of the people coming to Jamaica who couldn’t speak English there was a language created called Pidgin. When there is no common language between people in Jamaica, they speak Pidgin. This would be categorized as a Creole language. English and African languages were found being mixed from the slave trade through early slave period. This included different things like words and grammar. Amerindian and Spanish also influenced this.
History
The Arawak Indians were the first to settle in Jamaica in the 8th century. This included around 60,000 Indians. The Spanish arrived in 1509. Most Arawak Indians died because of diseases 100 years later. In 1655, the English displaced the Spanish and then the English language was established the official language of Jamaica. Christopher Columbus discovered the island in 1494 and claimed the island for the king and queen of Spain. The Spaniards brought the first Africans to Jamaica in 1517. The British arrived and won in a war over the Spaniards and then claimed the land for the king and queen of England in 1655. Jamaica won independence on August 6th, 1962. They also became a member of the British Commonwealth of nations.
The Arawak Indians were the first to settle in Jamaica in the 8th century. This included around 60,000 Indians. The Spanish arrived in 1509. Most Arawak Indians died because of diseases 100 years later. In 1655, the English displaced the Spanish and then the English language was established the official language of Jamaica. Christopher Columbus discovered the island in 1494 and claimed the island for the king and queen of Spain. The Spaniards brought the first Africans to Jamaica in 1517. The British arrived and won in a war over the Spaniards and then claimed the land for the king and queen of England in 1655. Jamaica won independence on August 6th, 1962. They also became a member of the British Commonwealth of nations.
Interesting Facts
The population of Jamaica is around 2.5 million people. The literacy rate is between 82 and 89 percent. The ethnic make-up of Jamaica includes about 91 percent of black and the rest includes East Indian, white, Chinese, mixed and other. The language that is used in education and throughout the country in media is English. In Jamaica, there are issues concerning class when you talk about English speakers. There are some people who believe that they are Rastafarians, which they believe to be a lost tribe of Israel. There is a wide blend of cultures in Jamaica. This includes many different races as well. The French meaning of “patois” is that the language is a common tongue formed for people to communicate when they don’t have a common language. Jamaican Standard English is similar to British Standard English but since Jamaica is close to the United States, American English has been a great influence. The sound made by English speakers to say “th” becomes “d.” For example, “that” becomes “dat.” The language of Patois is now written in novels and songs.
The population of Jamaica is around 2.5 million people. The literacy rate is between 82 and 89 percent. The ethnic make-up of Jamaica includes about 91 percent of black and the rest includes East Indian, white, Chinese, mixed and other. The language that is used in education and throughout the country in media is English. In Jamaica, there are issues concerning class when you talk about English speakers. There are some people who believe that they are Rastafarians, which they believe to be a lost tribe of Israel. There is a wide blend of cultures in Jamaica. This includes many different races as well. The French meaning of “patois” is that the language is a common tongue formed for people to communicate when they don’t have a common language. Jamaican Standard English is similar to British Standard English but since Jamaica is close to the United States, American English has been a great influence. The sound made by English speakers to say “th” becomes “d.” For example, “that” becomes “dat.” The language of Patois is now written in novels and songs.
lunes, 28 de mayo de 2012
Cuba
Cuba
Official Languages
The official language is Spanish. There are immigrant languages spoken here including Catalan-Valencian-Balear and Corsican. There are three language listed for Cuba. Two of these are living languages and one of these three languages only has speakers who speak it as a second language. Lucumi is one of the languages spoken in Cuba. There are 10 million Spanish speakers in Cuba. Due to the Haitian immigrants arriving in Cuba, Creole language is also present. English is becoming increasingly popular but the older people are less likely to speak English. Spanish was brought by former colonial masters. These masters arrived in 1511. The Spanish brought African slaves. These slaves brought their own African dialects. This added to the mix of linguistics found in Cuba. Spanish in Cuba is different from Spain Spanish but it has a lot in common with Venezuelan and Columbian Spanish dialects. The Spanish of Canarians especially has a lot in common with Cuban Spanish. The Canarian Spanish influence is in big part due to heavy migration from the Canary Islands to Cuba between the 19th and 20th century. Several English words from America have come into the local language. During the 19th century, many Haitians brought the language they spoke which was Creole. This was a blend of European and African dialects. In 1959, they were given the freedom to develop the Creole language. Today it is the second most widely spoken language. Cuba is a popular destination for tourists. Due to this, English is becoming more popular.
Official Languages
The official language is Spanish. There are immigrant languages spoken here including Catalan-Valencian-Balear and Corsican. There are three language listed for Cuba. Two of these are living languages and one of these three languages only has speakers who speak it as a second language. Lucumi is one of the languages spoken in Cuba. There are 10 million Spanish speakers in Cuba. Due to the Haitian immigrants arriving in Cuba, Creole language is also present. English is becoming increasingly popular but the older people are less likely to speak English. Spanish was brought by former colonial masters. These masters arrived in 1511. The Spanish brought African slaves. These slaves brought their own African dialects. This added to the mix of linguistics found in Cuba. Spanish in Cuba is different from Spain Spanish but it has a lot in common with Venezuelan and Columbian Spanish dialects. The Spanish of Canarians especially has a lot in common with Cuban Spanish. The Canarian Spanish influence is in big part due to heavy migration from the Canary Islands to Cuba between the 19th and 20th century. Several English words from America have come into the local language. During the 19th century, many Haitians brought the language they spoke which was Creole. This was a blend of European and African dialects. In 1959, they were given the freedom to develop the Creole language. Today it is the second most widely spoken language. Cuba is a popular destination for tourists. Due to this, English is becoming more popular.
History
Cuba was inhabited by Native American people. These people were known as Taino or also called Arawak. The Spanish colonized Cuba in 1511. Before this happened, the island was inhabited by Sibone Indians. The population of Amerindians in Cuba declined after the discovery by the European Christopher Columbus in 1492. The country then developed as a Spanish colony. An intervention by the United States during the Spanish American war of 1898 ended the rule by the Spanish people. The slave trade from Africa started in 1526. The war between Spain and the United States started in late April of 1898. According to the Treaty of Paris, Spain gave all claim of Cuba to the United States. Cuba gained its own independence on May 20, 1902.
Cuba was inhabited by Native American people. These people were known as Taino or also called Arawak. The Spanish colonized Cuba in 1511. Before this happened, the island was inhabited by Sibone Indians. The population of Amerindians in Cuba declined after the discovery by the European Christopher Columbus in 1492. The country then developed as a Spanish colony. An intervention by the United States during the Spanish American war of 1898 ended the rule by the Spanish people. The slave trade from Africa started in 1526. The war between Spain and the United States started in late April of 1898. According to the Treaty of Paris, Spain gave all claim of Cuba to the United States. Cuba gained its own independence on May 20, 1902.
Interesting Facts
The population of Cuba is around 11 million people. The literacy rate is 94 percent. The people of Cuba are of African and Spanish descent. This is mainly due to the fact that these two groups of people went here to make colonies. Cuba has the largest population among the Caribbean. The Cubans refer to their island as “El Cocodreo.” This is because the view from above looks like a crocodile. The British captured this land for one year. They lost it back to Spain the very next year. Cuba has a mixed population. Half of the population is Mulatto. This is when one parent is white and the other is black.
The population of Cuba is around 11 million people. The literacy rate is 94 percent. The people of Cuba are of African and Spanish descent. This is mainly due to the fact that these two groups of people went here to make colonies. Cuba has the largest population among the Caribbean. The Cubans refer to their island as “El Cocodreo.” This is because the view from above looks like a crocodile. The British captured this land for one year. They lost it back to Spain the very next year. Cuba has a mixed population. Half of the population is Mulatto. This is when one parent is white and the other is black.
Bahamas
Bahamas
Official Languages
The official language is English. There are some immigrant languages spoken here including Greek and Haitian. Greek has about 800 speakers and Haitian has about 20,000 speakers in the Bahamas. There are three languages listed for the Bahamas. Of these three languages, two of them are living languages and there is one that has no known speakers. There is some Creole spoken around the Haitian groups. Taino is one language that has become extinct. There is no second language. They have a Bahamian dialect of English. An example of this would “whay yuh tink use’a going” which is translated to “where are you going.” The locals here combine British English with their native language of African, Irish or Scottish heritage.
Official Languages
The official language is English. There are some immigrant languages spoken here including Greek and Haitian. Greek has about 800 speakers and Haitian has about 20,000 speakers in the Bahamas. There are three languages listed for the Bahamas. Of these three languages, two of them are living languages and there is one that has no known speakers. There is some Creole spoken around the Haitian groups. Taino is one language that has become extinct. There is no second language. They have a Bahamian dialect of English. An example of this would “whay yuh tink use’a going” which is translated to “where are you going.” The locals here combine British English with their native language of African, Irish or Scottish heritage.
History
Christopher Columbus arrived in 1492. The islands had a group of people living there called Lucayans. This is a sub group of Arawak Indians. There was a British settlement that was established in the Bahamas in 1647 by a group of English settlers. The islands of the Bahamas became a British colony in 1783. In the 18th century, the Bahamas became a land that was inhabited by pirates. They gained independence in 1973. The economy has prospered since the 1950’s due mainly to the huge amount of money brought in by tourism. Although this is true, there is still struggle with education and health care.
Christopher Columbus arrived in 1492. The islands had a group of people living there called Lucayans. This is a sub group of Arawak Indians. There was a British settlement that was established in the Bahamas in 1647 by a group of English settlers. The islands of the Bahamas became a British colony in 1783. In the 18th century, the Bahamas became a land that was inhabited by pirates. They gained independence in 1973. The economy has prospered since the 1950’s due mainly to the huge amount of money brought in by tourism. Although this is true, there is still struggle with education and health care.
Interesting Facts
The population of the Bahamas is around 320,000 people. There are 30 islands that are inhabited throughout the Bahamas. The literacy rate is 95 percent. The official name for the islands is The Commonwealth of the Bahamas. The currency used is equivalent to the US Dollar and it is called the Bahamian Dollar. Tourism accounts for over 60 percent of the money coming into the Bahamas. After tourism, the next important part of the economy is their financial services. The two main ethnic groups in the Bahamas are the Afro-Bahamians and the Europeans.
The population of the Bahamas is around 320,000 people. There are 30 islands that are inhabited throughout the Bahamas. The literacy rate is 95 percent. The official name for the islands is The Commonwealth of the Bahamas. The currency used is equivalent to the US Dollar and it is called the Bahamian Dollar. Tourism accounts for over 60 percent of the money coming into the Bahamas. After tourism, the next important part of the economy is their financial services. The two main ethnic groups in the Bahamas are the Afro-Bahamians and the Europeans.
Uruguay
Uruguay
Official Languages
The official language is Spanish. Some immigrant languages include Catalan-Valencian-Balear, Corsican, Eastern Yiddish, Hunsriker, Italian, Lithuanian, Plautdietsch, Portuguese, Russian and German. There are two langauges listed for Uruguay. They are both languages that are still alive. Portunol or Brazilero is spoken here too. It is a Portuguese-Spanish mix that is spoken along the Brazilian frontier. Gauchesco-Creolo that was spoken in the 18th and 19th century is still influential. The Spanish has a few differences because it has been influenced by the Italians who have immigrated to the country. The immigrants in the past, spoke a mixture of Spanish and Italian. This was called cocoliche. Some of these words are still used by the population in Uruguay. Another language sometimes spoken is Portunol which is a mixture of Spanish and Portuguese. No indigenous languages in Uruguay are remaining.
Official Languages
The official language is Spanish. Some immigrant languages include Catalan-Valencian-Balear, Corsican, Eastern Yiddish, Hunsriker, Italian, Lithuanian, Plautdietsch, Portuguese, Russian and German. There are two langauges listed for Uruguay. They are both languages that are still alive. Portunol or Brazilero is spoken here too. It is a Portuguese-Spanish mix that is spoken along the Brazilian frontier. Gauchesco-Creolo that was spoken in the 18th and 19th century is still influential. The Spanish has a few differences because it has been influenced by the Italians who have immigrated to the country. The immigrants in the past, spoke a mixture of Spanish and Italian. This was called cocoliche. Some of these words are still used by the population in Uruguay. Another language sometimes spoken is Portunol which is a mixture of Spanish and Portuguese. No indigenous languages in Uruguay are remaining.
History
From 1516 to 1810, the area between Spain and Portugal was having a struggle of who was going to control it. There were minor setbacks by the British and French. The Spanish arrived here in 1516. In 1811, Jose Gervasio Artigas became Uruguay’s national hero because he defeated the Spanish authorities on May 18th. After the Guerra Grande, there were a lot of Italian immigrants around 1879. They became independent on August 25th, 1825. In 1980, the country tried to pass a new constitution. This was denied. In 1989 a National Party candidate won the election and an amnesty for human rights.
From 1516 to 1810, the area between Spain and Portugal was having a struggle of who was going to control it. There were minor setbacks by the British and French. The Spanish arrived here in 1516. In 1811, Jose Gervasio Artigas became Uruguay’s national hero because he defeated the Spanish authorities on May 18th. After the Guerra Grande, there were a lot of Italian immigrants around 1879. They became independent on August 25th, 1825. In 1980, the country tried to pass a new constitution. This was denied. In 1989 a National Party candidate won the election and an amnesty for human rights.
Interesting Facts
The population is around 3 million people. Out of this population, nearly 2 million live in the capital of Montevideo. The literacy rate is 95 percent. English has influenced much of the technology in the country. Also English has influenced the slang used by young people. English is most common in the business world. The study of English has risen significantly in the past years. Many inhabitants speak two languages. Uruguay’s origin comes from the Guarani language, a word that means river of painted birds. The official name of the country is the Oriental Republic of Uruguay. Most of the population is of ancestry from Europe. This is the second smallest country in South America. Compared to the rest of South America, Uruguay is one of the most economically developed countries.
The population is around 3 million people. Out of this population, nearly 2 million live in the capital of Montevideo. The literacy rate is 95 percent. English has influenced much of the technology in the country. Also English has influenced the slang used by young people. English is most common in the business world. The study of English has risen significantly in the past years. Many inhabitants speak two languages. Uruguay’s origin comes from the Guarani language, a word that means river of painted birds. The official name of the country is the Oriental Republic of Uruguay. Most of the population is of ancestry from Europe. This is the second smallest country in South America. Compared to the rest of South America, Uruguay is one of the most economically developed countries.
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