domingo, 27 de mayo de 2012

Peru


Peru
Official Languages
All languages found in Peru are official languages.  This first one is Spanish.  This is spoken by 83.9% of the population.  The three main varieties include Peruvian Coast Spanish, Andean Spanish and Amazonic Spanish.  There are around 104 listed languages for Peru.  Out of those 104 languages, there are still today 92 that have speakers.  Out of those 104 languages, there are 12 today that have no known speakers.  They also speak Quechua.  Also spoken are Aymara and a great number of minor Amazonian languages.  Two immigrant languages found are North Bolivian Quechua and Chinese.  The main aboriginal languages are spoken in the Central Andes and the Amazon forests.  Many of these languages have died out.   Mochica went extinct in the 1950’s.  The number of languages used throughout the history in Peru easily is more than 300 different languages.  Japanese and Chinese are represented in small numbers.  Germans, Arabic speakers and Hindi speakers have kept their native languages alive in Peru.



History
There were Incan people and when Spain came over to invade, they brought a new disease which the Incas had no immunity to.  This destroyed the Incan population.  By 1572, the Spaniards had executed the last Incan ruler.  Francisco Pizarro, the Spanish conquistador, explored Peru from 1526 to 1528.  Spain ruled Peru until 1824.  At this time, Venezuelan leaders and Argentinian leaders invaded Peru and took over the land.  In 1821, Peru declared its independence from Spain.  In 1823, Simon Bolivar took an army from Venezuela into Peru in order to help Peru fight the Spanish.  In 1826, Spain surrendered.    In the 19th century, while most of South America was fighting wars of independence.  During this time, they remained a strong country.  Peru was the last Spanish colony to gain their independence. 


Interesting Facts
In Peru, the education system wants to spread the Indigenous culture and language.  In secondary schools, students learn Spanish and other languages.  The population of Peru is around 27 million people.  The literacy rate is around 75 percent.  Spanish is used in politics, media and schools.  It is officially the Republic of Peru.  The main activities for economy in Peru include agriculture, fishing, mining and manufacturing of goods.  Efforts are being made to put Quetchua as a part of the education system.  The currency is Nuevo Sol.  The name Peru comes from a Quetchuan word meaning abundance.  

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